The automobile lightweight is the primary task of energy conservation and emission reduction
With energy, environment and safety becoming the three major issues of concern today, the requirements for energy conservation and consumption reduction of modern automobiles in various countries in the world are constantly increasing, and the safety and environmental protection laws and regulations for automobile manufacturing and use are becoming increasingly strict, so the requirements for lightweight automobile bodies are becoming more and more urgent. China's 12th Five-Year Plan for the development of the automobile industry puts forward the requirements of "expanding the application scope of new materials and lightweight technologies in the automobile industry". The Guidance Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment (2011) listed "lightweight automobile body Materials" as an encouraging item. The Investment Guide for Industrial Transformation and Upgrading issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the end of 2011 pointed out that promoting the research and development and promotion of new energy and new materials is a key task in the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, among which vehicle lightweight is given a prominent position in the automotive industry.
Automobile lightweight, is to ensure the strength and safety performance of the vehicle, as far as possible to reduce the vehicle's preparation quality, so as to improve the vehicle power, reduce fuel consumption, reduce exhaust pollution experiment shows that if the vehicle weight is reduced by 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6%-8%; The reconditioning mass of the car can be reduced by 100kg, and the fuel consumption of 100km can be reduced by 0.3-0.6 l. At present, due to the rigid requirements of environmental protection and energy saving and the development direction of high performance and high function of automobile materials, the lightweight of automobile has become an inevitable way for the development of the world automobile industry. Aluminum alloy plays a very important role in the lightweight of modern automobiles. It is regarded as the "green material" with the most potential for development and application in the 21st century.
one The main way of automobile lightweight
(1) The main specifications of the car models continue to optimize, the specifications of the main parameters of the size under the premise of retention, enhance the strength of the vehicle structure, reduce the consumption of consumables;
(2) use light materials. Such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and plastic or carbon fiber composite materials;
(3) Adopt computer to design the structure. Such as the use of finite element analysis, local strengthening design;
The use of load-bearing body, thin body plate thickness, etc.
two Aluminum alloy material is the first choice for automobile lightweight
At present, the most important lightweight measure for automobiles is to use light materials instead of traditional steel parts. The typical light materials include aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and plastics. At present, the mass production process of magnesium alloy is not mature, the price of titanium alloy is expensive, and the application of plastic parts in China's automobile industry is still in the primary stage. Undoubtedly, aluminum alloy parts are the most widely used and mature lightweight automobile parts. Aluminum alloy material has a series of excellent properties. Low density makes the car body light; Good corrosion resistance, can achieve no coating; It is also beautiful and durable, easy to form, surface treatment, recyclable and renewable, energy saving and energy storage, etc., which are widely used in all sectors of industrial production, especially in the automobile industry. For example, in Japan, 76% of aluminum castings and 77% of aluminum die castings are automobile castings. Aluminum alloy castings are mainly used in engine cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, intake manifold, rocker arm, engine suspension bracket, air compressor connecting rod, actuator housing, clutch housing, wheel, brake parts, handle and hood housing parts, etc. Aluminum alloy parts have become the first choice of the automobile industry. According to the statistics of the American metal market, the average amount of aluminum used in every car in the world has increased by 10 times in the past 10 years, and now it has reached 130Kg/ car. In the next few years, with the continuous growth of China's economy, the acceleration of urbanization process, the continuous improvement of household consumption level and the arrival of a new round of replacement demand for cars, it is predicted that the domestic automobile output is expected to reach 30 million units in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of around 10%.
Iii. Lightweight was explicitly proposed for the first time
On November 26, 2014, THE National Development and Reform Commission issued the Interim Provisions on Investment Projects and Production Access Management of Newly-built Pure Electric Passenger Vehicle Manufacturers (Draft for Comments). The core contents are as follows: making requirements for the basic conditions, basic requirements of investment projects, application and approval of investment projects of enterprises applying for investment projects. Incident comments on the new energy vehicle production access to open but the standard improved, more favorable upstream related parts enterprises. For the first time, the requirement of light weight is clearly put forward, and aluminum parts welcome good development space. This draft for comments clearly puts forward the requirement of light weight for trial production of sample cars and puts forward higher standards in terms of energy consumption, which will significantly promote the development of automobile light weight. As the most mature lightweight aluminum components, it is expected to usher in significant development opportunities.
Four. China's passenger car market has a lot of room for lightweight
According to the survey, in China's passenger car market, the average weight ratio power (vehicle quality/engine probability) of the self-owned brand is higher than that of the joint-venture brand under the same displacement, which means that the self-owned brand needs an engine with a larger displacement than the joint-venture brand in order to achieve the same dynamic performance. Compared with the ideal weight-to-power ratio, own-brand cars have 13% weight loss space and joint-venture brands have 11%. In fact, the independent brand enterprise to the lightweight technology research and development and implementation of the requirements are extremely urgent. Since the eleventh Five-Year Plan, the state and major enterprises have attached more importance to independent development, and the support for self-owned brand enterprises has been significantly enhanced, and the r&d and production capacity of domestic components has been improved. Through the development of new energy vehicles and breakthroughs in key technologies of traditional vehicles, China's automotive technology level will continue to improve during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, and China's capacity for independent innovation will be significantly enhanced.
Five. The state puts forward clear requirements for the promotion of new energy and electric vehicles
On November 26, 2014 jointly issued by the four ministries and commissions of the state on the new energy automobile charging infrastructure construction award notice clear requirements: in beijing-tianjin-hebei, Yangtze river delta and the pearl river delta regional air pollution control in key areas such as cities or urban agglomeration, 2013 new energy vehicles quantity not less than 2500 (the standard car, similarly hereinafter), not less than 5000 vehicles in 2014, no less than 2015, 10000; For cities or city clusters in other regions, the number of promotion vehicles in 2013 should be no less than 1,500, in 2014, no less than 3,000, and in 2015, no less than 5,000. The promotion quantity is calculated according to the standard of pure electric passenger vehicles, and other types of new energy vehicles are converted according to the corresponding proportion.
Light weight, precision and green are the development trends of manufacturing industry
Liu Baicheng, academician of The Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University, gave a keynote speech on "Development and Opportunity of Global High-end Manufacturing" at the JIC Investment Forum on October 25, 2014. He talked about the status quo, challenges and development trend of advanced manufacturing technologies in China's manufacturing industry. As we all know, green and sustainable manufacturing technology is about simplification and recycling. Therefore, green manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing are not only about manufacturing, recycling and remanufacturing, but should start from the source and simplify. Generally speaking, improving product quality, reducing reject rate, improving productivity and reducing r&d investment are important components of green and sustainable development. First, to develop lightweight manufacturing technology, new energy vehicles is the direction. But we also need to pay attention to the important features of fuel-efficient cars. Every 10% reduction in vehicle weight can increase thermal efficiency by 6-8% and reduce pollution by 10%. At present, China's auto production is 20 million, this year is expected to electric cars to 50 million. Foreign cars have developed from black alloys to aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. General Motors reported a loss of 325 pounds per car until about 2012.
Seven. Aluminum alloy auto parts industry has a broad prospect
With the introduction and requirements of the national policy for automobile lightweight and new energy vehicles more and more information indicates that the aluminum alloy auto parts industry in China will usher in an unprecedented good situation. The aluminum alloy wheel industry is the most prominent in the aluminum alloy auto parts industry in terms of scale, quantity and technical level. At present, China has developed into the world's largest aluminum alloy wheel producer and exporter. By the end of 2013, there are about 180 wheel hub enterprises in China, with an average capacity of 1.5 million units per year, and the domestic output of aluminum wheel hub is about 270 million units. The output of foreign aluminum wheel hubs is about 80 million, and the total output of aluminum wheel hubs is about 350 million.
According to the Independent, there will be 800 million passenger cars in the world by the end of 2013, and it is conservatively estimated that the global demand for aluminum wheels will reach 370 to 400 million in 2014. With people's continuous pursuit of automotive fashion decoration, the global aluminum wheel customization market demand will be higher and higher. With the increasing trend of outsourcing of aluminum alloy wheel manufacturers in developed countries, coupled with the rapid development of China's automobile industry, especially the demand for lightweight of new energy vehicles, the global demand for aluminum alloy wheel will continue to grow, and the prospect of aluminum alloy wheel is very promising.
Aluminum alloy wheel hub industry is the best development, the largest, the most mature technology of aluminum alloy parts industry, industry development space is very broad, also very stable. As an enterprise, it is very wise to choose the industry of aluminum alloy wheel hub as the pioneer to enter the industry of aluminum alloy parts. We can understand the pattern and development of aluminum alloy parts industry with the help of mature technology and market platform of aluminum alloy wheel hub industry, so that the enterprise can obtain certain manufacturing technology and market basis, and train the team, and continue to grow. We should be based on the aluminum alloy wheel industry, as a springboard to high value-added aluminum alloy auto parts industry extension. Automobile chassis aluminum alloy castings, such as steering knuckles, brackets, control arms, engine cylinder block, cylinder head and so on, are still in the initial stage of development at present, with a very broad prospect and high added value. According to average 150 kg of aluminum alloy parts are used to calculate each cars, car production is expected to reach 30 million vehicles in China in 2020, demand of aluminium alloy parts will reach 4.5 million tons, the output value of about 140 billion, and the data will be growing at about 10% per year, China's current production of aluminum alloy auto parts is less than 3 million tons, but also contains about 1 million tons of export quotas (almost all of the aluminum alloy wheel hub), it is conceivable that aluminum alloy auto parts industry not only has large enough cake, share and vacancy and incremental space more attractive, There is no doubt that investment in automotive aluminum parts industry, especially the conditions of the upstream and downstream extension of the enterprise is the best way to increase investment, development and growth of enterprises. As long as our firm faith, with national policies and the trend of automobile lightweight, make full use of aluminum alloy parts industry a good chance the unprecedented development, continuously develop the advanced technology of aluminum alloy parts, optimize product structure, improve the material performance, diverse cooperation, sustainable development, and stronger to do big, the parts of the domestic market will have to be in the international market to conquer will follow.
Conclusion: The auto aluminum alloy parts industry will continue to develop rapidly
From the aspects of high speed, comfort, beauty, durability, lightweight, energy saving, environmental protection, reducing comprehensive cost and other comprehensive performance, aluminum alloy is undoubtedly the first choice for the modernization and lightweight of automobile industry, and many countries in the world are committed to the research of aluminum alloy for automobile. The future car is a kind of pollution-free vehicle that USES battery instead of engine. The lightweight will become the most critical problem in the future development direction of the car. Automobile industry in our country the pillar industry of national economy, has been a steady growth, so the car aluminum alloy parts and components industry will be continuous high speed development in the coming decades, developed high-performance automotive aluminum alloy to improve the international competitiveness of China's automobile industry plays a decisive role, at the same time will also have a significant economic and social benefits.
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